Monday, August 24, 2020

Ophelia “Frailty They Name Is Woman”

Hamlet says, â€Å"Frailty thy name is woman†. Consider this announcement in the light of the introduction of Aphelia; Identify key scenes and discourses for investigation Discuss different creations/translations State your inclination of understanding The word delicate meaner when an individual or item has the nature of being powerless, delicate, frail in wellbeing or being ethically flimsy, likewise somebody who is effectively controlled and affected by individuals that encompass them, incapable to remain all alone. In this paper I intend to investigate the character of Aphelia in the play Hamlet by WilliamShakespeare, to see whether she is a delicate character and what variables add to this. I need to take a gander at specific scenes where Aphelia is included and ones where she is being depicted and utilized so as to perceive how Aphelia responds to different characters in the play, to check whether she gives a specific indications of being fragile. In act 1 scene 2 Hamlet is alluding to his mom portraying his sentiments on how unsuitable it is that she has proceeded onward so hurriedly from the man that she appeared to adore so beyond all doubt. He at that point says â€Å"Frailty, thy name is lady! He is at the time pointing his remark at his mom and his annoyance for the new King yet he names guiltless Aphelia under this too. We need to recollect that Aphelia was raised in a general public that is male prevailing, the ladies in Elizabethan occasions had little control on what was to happen to their lives and were firmly administered by their dads and spouses. The ladies in this period would be relied upon to comply with their significant other's requests and father's desires. It is in this manner not amazing that Aphelia isn't given numerous lines in the play itself however she is a key apparatus utilized all through by; Hamlet,Polonium and Claudia in an offer to out do and get each other out. I would concur with Jacques Lilac here in his presenta tion of Aphelia in one of his courses that started with â€Å"That bit of trap named Aphelia† she is in fact utilized as lure by those nearest to her and they don't appear to mind if the snare gets gobbled up all the while. This intruding and playing with her makes it inconceivable for her to get away and adds to her demise, this is finished by the individuals near her whom she gazes upward to and regards enough to be dependent on them and to likewise absolutely believe them with her undertakings and issues however they abuse her and control her naivety.From the start Aphelia is depicted to us as a sensitive, articulate, aware youngster yet one who is being told and requested by her sibling to maintain the family name by not consenting to sex with Hamlet before marriage, despite the fact that she voices her own assessments on the issue she seems to obey and follow what her sibling is solidly recommending she does. Despite the fact that I think here Aphelia gives her actual co llectedness and mind in that she realizes that her sibling is probably going to be conflicting with these guidelines himself and in this way being hypocritical.But, acceptable my sibling, Do not as some ungracious ministers do, Show me the precarious and prickly approach to paradise, Whiles, similar to a puffed and foolish profligate, himself the way of hedonism of dalliance tracks, and stinks not his own red. † Here she voices her point yet in an honorable manner. All she needs is her sibling to have a feeling of decency among them and set aside the way that she is viewed as more vulnerable being a lady and is nearly voicing a supplication for uniformity. In examination after this she is then trained once more, presently by her compelling, strict dad who essentially imagines that Hamlet's affection for Aphelia isn't love t everything except that it's Just lust.He thinks he has his little girl's wellbeing at the top of the priority list however he doesn't give her much an idea l opportunity to consider her sentiments or to voice them to him. In act 1 scene 3 Aphelia trusts in her dad clarifying what Hamlet has said to her and furthermore what she trusts Hamlet's emotions are towards her. â€Å"And hath offered face to his discourse, my master, with practically all the sacred pledges of paradise. † This shows she believes Hamlet's adoration as well as that she is unguarded with her dad and that she has a lot of trust in him and doesn't need to keep down or keep insider facts from him.She is very credulous in imagining that she can have total trust in Polonium. He utilizes this incredible trust his little girl has in him for his potential benefit to pick up favor with Claudia. Some may state that it is here she is slight in that she doesn't go to bat for what she accepts or for her adoration for Hamlet. She rapidly complies with her dad's desires to quit seeing him without considering what she genuinely needs. In answer to Aphelion's emotions and con victions on Hamlet's adoration for her, Polonium appears in his tone and language his dismissal for his little girl's sentiments and level of development. â€Å"Think yourself an infant. † off talk like a green young lady. â€Å"Ay, style you may call it. † Here he is comparing her to an infant, perhaps meaning she is powerless, youthful and delicate and needs to rely upon others so as to make due among them. Likewise he taunts her since he doesn't accept that Hamlet's adoration for her is genuine in spite of the fact that she does. He is nearly humoring her since he thinks she is a numb-skull for feeling that Hamlet's affection is valid and is continually putting her down calling her a green young lady since she isn't ready yet and in this way not mature enough to perceive what is truly going on. This scene and conversation closes just with Aphelia saying; l will comply. She has been raised not to contend with her dad however I concur with David Pennington when he say s, â€Å"Aphelion's readiness to let her dad decipher for her is very disappointing† on the grounds that rather than her capacity to confront her sibling she has no capacity to contradict her dad. In act 2 scene 2 Polonium is chatting with Claudia attempting to organize a gathering among Aphelia and Hamlet. â€Å"I'll free my little girl to him. † Her dad discusses her like a bit of snare or a pawn under his unlimited oversight, he makes her sound like a creature being let free like a wild pooch, out of nowhere released.This is her dad once more assuming responsibility for her life and joy when he proposes that they set up a gathering with Hamlet so Polonium and Claudia get the chance to keep an eye on the circumstance and hear what Hamlet needs to state. It is in this scene that Hamlet presently utilizes Aphelia as an objective for his resentment, disappointment and sentiments of contempt for the injustice of Polonium and Claudia. He is gruff and loathsome when he voi ces his outrage guaranteeing there was nothing among him and Aphelia; â€Å"l adored you not† â€Å"Marry a numb-skull for insightful men know all around ok what beasts you think about them. Hamlet is very coldblooded and brutal in the things he decides to state to Aphelia. He likewise coordinates remarks through her, for example, â€Å"l state we will have no more marriage. Those that are hitched effectively everything except one, will live. † Here Hamlet is undermining Claudia and truly attempting to panic and threaten him by proposing that he is going to slaughter him. Aphelion's response to this scene with Hamlet and his joke of her is pretty much nothing and she appears to be very weak with little to answer with. â€Å"O help him, you sweet sky. â€Å"O eminent forces, reestablish him. † Instead of answering legitimately, she is arguing to the sky and God as though the demon or fiendishness has changed Hamlet and she wishes they could transform him back. This could be viewed as naivety to might suspect it isn't down to Hamlet himself. She shows fragility here; in that she before long looses certainty and furthermore the will to support herself and the adoration she thought she had with Hamlet. Act 4 scene 7 Aphelion's demise is reported by Gertrude before Alerter and Claudia.Aphelion's passing is depicted in such an individual, quiet and rich way it's an excellent concealment for the battle and frenzy that is rapidly spreading among the stronghold. â€Å"Her garments spread wide, mermaid like they bore her up†¦ Lulled the poor bastard from her pleasant lay to sloppy passing. † These lines said by Gertrude make a wonderful picture of Aphelion's alleged incidental passing. The depiction has most likely been changed along these lines on the grounds that ending it all was a transgression and the congregation would have been nauseated at the idea that somebody engaged with the regal family would do such a thing.Aphelia would not be approved to have an appropriate memorial service and internment in the event that it apparently was self destruction. Despite the fact that pieces of the depiction are beautiful and make pictures and impressions of Aphelia there is as yet a cruel arousing with the words ‘muddy demise' that before long take o back to the truth of what has occurred and now an upsetting variable has been included. You can nearly misread the play and not notice she has in certainty slaughtered herself, after her enduring she doesn't get an emotional leave like the various passings in the play and appears rather to sink to her death.This might be a result of Aphelion's character and general emanation that an excruciating moderate demise would not fit with her character and her back story. The depiction itself causes it to appear as though the water didn't need to battle to cut her down yet that it was in reality extremely simple and with no walk, depicting that Aphelia is in certainty delica te in that she was unable to battle more earnestly and get herself out of the profound, dim opening in her psyche that she had withdrawn into.In the two movies I have viewed of Hamlet, the depiction of Aphelia has been unique. In Kenneth Branch's adaptation, Aphelia is the way I envision her to be; very striking, rich and she additionally appears to be a significant savvy youngster played by Kate Winglet. At the point when she talks she doesn't stay away and appear to be delicate, she really appears to voice her lines commandingly when fitting. Anyway when she turns promotion in this film creation I think the acting and the general look of Aphelia is some way or another out of place.I think she needs to give her insane side in an increasingly repressed style of acting and with a marginally progressively crazy side to it, this is the place Fra

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Shock Advertising and High Fashion Brands Essay

Stun Advertising and High Fashion Brands - Essay Example The paper Stun Advertising and High Fashion Brands discusses High Fashion Brands and Shock Advertising. Stun promoting, sex and high style brands make an overwhelming blend. Over 50 years of research has demonstrated to be agreeable to sex in publicizing as Wikipedia (2005) proposed: â€Å"Further proof originates from Gallup and Robinson, a promoting and showcasing research firm which reports that in over 50 years of testing publicizing viability, it has seen the utilization of the sensual as a fundamentally better than expected procedure in speaking with the commercial center, albeit one of the more risky for the sponsor. Weighted down with restrictions and unstable mentalities, sex is a Code Red promoting procedure . . . maneuver carefully . . . merchant be careful; all of which makes it much more intriguing.† Lately the pattern has proceeded with a great deal of solidarity: â€Å"In late years advertisements for pants, scents, and numerous different items have included pr ovocative pictures that were intended to inspire sexual reactions from as huge a cross area of the populace as could reasonably be expected, to stun by their inner conflict, and frequently to interest curbed sexual wants, which are thought to convey a more grounded passionate load†. So stun promoting with a sexual intrigue in high style brands, for the most part in magazines in the United Kingdom, is a hotly debated issue that has been around since the advancement of Marketing. As Advertising is the correspondence vehicle of Marketing, it isn't bizarre that this informative device. has been broadly used to pass on messages of a stunning sexual nature in the high style marking endeavors of numerous advertisers along the years. This field of study offers various, perplexing and questionable measurements to be looked into. 2.- Research Problem Whatever degree stun promoting has been applied to high design brands. 3.- Research Aim The estimation of stun publicizing to high form brands and purchasers. 4.- Research Objectives 1.- To examine the effect of stun publicizing in magazines with a sexual intrigue in high style marks in the United Kingdom. 2.- To consider the pertinence of significant worth promoting using stun publicizing to upgrade the marking picture. 5.- Research Area Promoting territory: - Advertising - Marketing Research - Product and Brand Management - Consumer and Buyer Behavior 6.- Rationale of the examination This examination empowers the crowd to comprehend the job of stun promoting in the high style industry. Likewise, it permits the watchers to have a far reaching information as to the open demeanor towards this promoting methodology. In addition, this exploration venture assists with discovering how stun promoting could be embraced fittingly. (Separate out the handiness to myself by and by and for all intents and purposes, and furthermore to the world all in all) 7.- Usefulness of the exploration By getting into the insider facts of significant worth showcasing by means of stun publicizing utilizing sexual intrigue we can improve our brands in the promoting field as proficient advertisers. It is difficult to choose when to pick stun publicizing and to what degree. We need to consider the unique situation and the medium, among numerous components. By considering this subject we can get familiar with a great deal about human instinct and the purchaser's preferences and inclinations with regards to high form items. This sort of research is

Sunday, July 26, 2020

Nature Books Published This Summer

Best Science/Nature Books Published This Summer Forget the amorphous, ridiculous concept of a beach read summer is the time for great science! Here are some of my favorite books about science and nature published in the summer of 2016. On the science side: I Contain Multitudes: The Microbes Within Us and a Grander View of Life by Ed Yong  (8/9 from Ecco) It isnt just any writer who could take the subject of microbes and make it fascinating, engrossing, and even funny. Microbes are mind-bogglingly ubiquitous and necessary to life as we know it. This book  covers topics like the history of microbial research,  the place of microbes in the human body, the co-evolution of microbes and animals, and the potential future of microbial engineering. Yong approaches a complex topic with enthusiasm, making it a compelling, enjoyable read. Seven Skeletons: The Evolution of the Worlds Most Famous Human Fossils by Lydia Pyne  (8/16 from Viking) This is the story of our search for our human ancestors as told by our seven most famous fossils, such as the Neanderthal of La Chapelle, the Piltdown hoax, the Peking man, the Tuang Child, and Lucy. Each chapter of the book gives the reader the biography of a different famous skeleton, exploring  the discovery of the fossils, the impact of each fossil on our understanding of human evolution, the cultural significance of each find, the ways that the fossils are understood by and displayed to the public. The Unknown Universe: A New Exploration of Time, Space, and Modern Cosmology by Stuart Clark  (7/5 from Pegasus Books) Cosmology is a complicated, mind-bending problem. When I read about theories of space and time I admit that usually my eyes  glaze over and my brain quickly hits a sticking point. Clarks book, however, does a superb job making cutting edge new discoveries about the universe understandable to the lay reader. This book takes the issues on the forefront of the field, puts them in historical context for the reader, and explains their importance. It is extremely readable and entertaining, which is no small feat considering the subject matter. Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness, and Family Secrets by Luke Dittrich  (8/9 from Random House) This is the story of the most famous patient in the history of psychology and neuroscience, Patient H.M., or Henry Molaison. In 1953, suffering from chronic epilepsy, Molaison was one of many patients to receive a radical lobotomy in an attempt to stop his seizures. Instead, Molaison wound up unable to create new memories. This is the story of Patient H.M. but also the story of the  lobotomy as a neurosurgical technique, the use of human research subjects, and the history treatment of those suffering from mental illnesses and disease. The authors personal connection to the content adds a compelling twist: Dittrichs own grandfather was the surgeon who performed the botched operation on Patient H.M. Grunt: The Curious Science of Humans at War by Mary Roach (6/7 from W.W. Norton and Company) The science of war gets the full Mary Roach treatment: how does the military design uniforms that can withstand the heat of battle? How do medics prepare to handle the chaos and gore of treating wounds during combat? How do soldiers handle their ahem bodily functions in the field? Can bad smells be used as a weapon? The answer to this, and loads more questions you never thought to ask, can be found here. Also check out Book Riots own Kim Ukuras interview with Mary Roach about the book. The Gene: An Intimate History by Siddhartha Mukherjee (5/17 from Scribner) Okay *technically* this book came out in May, not in the summer, but I am going to give it a pass because it is just that good. Ill be brief, but if you are interested in  books about science, this one cannot be missed. Mukherjee takes a deep dive into the history of our understanding of genetics, bringing us all the way up to present day in this epic, incredible  book. On the nature side: On Trails: An Exploration by Robert Moor (7/12 from Simon and Schuster) While hiking the Appalachian Trail in 2009, Moor got to thinking about the nature of trails themselves. How are they made? How do they survive and endure? What makes us follow them? Moor combines science, history, technology, and philosophy on his thoughtful journey to understand the trails. It is profound and interesting, it dwells on big questions and brings together an engaging collections of facts and stories. Welcome to the Goddamn Ice Cube: Chasing Fear and Finding Home in the Great White North by Blair Braverman (7/5 from Ecco) Braverman  tells her story of leaving  California at age 19 to follow the call of the North, a brutal landscape not usually thought of as the realm of a young woman. This is a story of independence, of growing up and coming into ones own, of being a woman in a mans world,  all set against the unforgiving arctic. It is full of dogsleds, glaciers, and freezing cold waters. It is entertaining and wild and deeply personal. Raising Wild: Dispatches from a Home in the Wilderness by Michael Branch (8/23 from Roost Books) This book is a refreshing departure from the nature writing trope of man goes out to wilderness, lives alone in solitude. Here Branch reflects on living in the wilderness with a family and raising daughters. As Branch puts it, In perpetuating an understanding of wildness that depends upon the far-flung exploits of men heroically working alone (or with other men), we overlook the wildness that is inherent both to parenting and to children. Set against the rough beauty of Nevadas Great Basin Desert, Branch winds together family and landscape. The Hour of Land: A Personal Topography of Americas National Parks by Terry Tempest Williams (5/31 from Sarah Crichton Books) Im cheating again, but again I dont care because this book is so so good. A reflection on our National Parks as told by a series of personal essays that are diverse, eloquent, and extremely thoughtful. It is absolutely stunning. It will have you planning vacations to National Parks, if you can even see the guidebooks through your tears of joy. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Friday, May 22, 2020

The Siege Of Jerusalem, Pompeii, Herculaneum, And Jerusalem

City configuration was a big contributor to the vulnerability of Rome, Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Jerusalem as well as the social importance of class and rule in their leaders. Nero in Rome and Titus during the Siege of Jerusalem cared for themselves and their materialistic values rather than the lives of others. Consequently, their people and cities were torn apart. Similarly in 2011, the Fukushima nuclear disaster effected the city in Japan severely. They withheld important information regarding the nuclear explosions and radiation because they wanted to save face and avoid the consequences. Japan and the company in charge, TEPCO, put themselves above the lives of the people in Japan just like Titus and Nero did in Rome and Jerusalem. In his letters to Atticus, Cicero frequently wrote about the social and political life in Rome. We get a great idea of what the Roman Republic was like with his speeches, books, but specifically his letters. He enjoyed writing to Atticus about the prob lems he saw with the government and complained to him about the officials and inherited wealth of Roman men. If he was alive during the time of Nero’s rule we would expect to read and see letters to his friends about Nero’s wealth and incapability to rule. Cicero would have been enraged with him about the Great Fire of Rome just as Pliny, Suetonius, and Dio Cassius were. According to one article by Keresztes, â€Å"Of the earliest surviving sources, Pliny the Elder, Suetonius and Dio Cassius all,

Friday, May 8, 2020

Paragraphs on State of Consciousness and Religion Essay

1. Briefly describe shifts in states of consciousness. The states of consciousness are about the experience and about feeling the world. It is about your own deep feeling and therefore we need to bring them in its true light that is not rational but sensitive. Religion, in whatever form they may be is a reflection of a certain level of the consciousness. When a persons awareness is changing and expanding, also individual’s vision of the religion can change. 2. Briefly discuss how human capacity for development and change through life interacts with religion. I think that any person in their childhood were more pure and they believed more in God. In every stage of our life we gain and we lose something. In the course of this changes†¦show more content†¦The peak experience paly in important role in each person life and is a self- actualization. The peak experience is a place where one can feel pure happiness and elation. If one can reach the peak experience will feel everything that surrounds him and will lose the track of time or space. The liminality stage is a process where one is between to different worlds, and is more connect to gods and with consciousness. Is a transition from the ordinary life to a stage of self-awareness or self-cognition? An example of liminal person we can say that monks are the most closes to this stage because they life in in different life where they don’t obey the rules of society. They shows us a different ways of life and climates of consciousness. 5. Summarize the position of major psychological interpreters of religion. The major psychological interpreters of religion are Sigmund Freud and Carl G. Jung. If we take a look of what Freud sad about the psychological interpreters of religion, we can see that he though religion was a sign of an imperfect or compulsive progress with a character. Sigmund Freud argues that these impulses have their origin in childhood helplessness and survive into adulthood through the image of the god-father. He thought that religion is a collective psychosis, a mass anxiety and ultimately an illusion. However Carl G. Jung believed that religion is a search of individuation. That is, for uniting the several elements of one’s mind into a melodiousShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Classical Social And Organizational Theory Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pagesrefugees in the United States right at the moment and/or strategize how to help combat this apparent resistance. 1. Use either Durkheim or Martineau to deepen your understanding of the problem. Begin with a short transition that may be a sentence or two or a short paragraph in length. Next, write a paragraph which broadly introduces the theory (this might be a new paragraph or, If you wrote a transition sentence or two, the same paragraph). 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Differences in the Fall of the House of Usher and the House of Usher Free Essays

Mrs. Matthews Juniors H. English November 02, 2012 The short story, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† and the movie, the House of Usher, are two very unalike pieces of work. We will write a custom essay sample on The Differences in the Fall of the House of Usher and the House of Usher or any similar topic only for you Order Now The House of Usher is a poor representation of â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† for not staying true to the real production by Edgar Allan Poe. Although the movie has a few noticeable similarities, Hollywood loses the true value and the plot of the original short story. The House of Usher creates a whole new story, that takes the name of the story, but ruins the masterpiece already done by Poe. The Fall of the House of Usher,† is one of the popular horror stories written by Poe. And it’s remarkable plot, is lost in the production of the House of Usher . In the short story the plot is rather simple, Roderick and Madeline Usher are the last of the Ushers who are suffering from incurable diseases. Roderick suffers from â€Å"a morbid acuteness of the senses,† while Madeline suffers from â€Å".. a settled apathy, a gradual wasting away of the person, or frequent although transient affections of a partly cataleptical character.. This disease gives her a deathlike look, making her body lose its feeling, and loses consciousness. Madeline falls into her deathlike symptoms and is thought of as being dead. Roderick and his friend, carry her into the dungeon and keep her there in her coffin. Where she then awakens and frees herself. Covered in her own blood, she kills Roderick by being too frightened by the sight, and the unnamed narrator flees the house. Whereas in the House of Usher there are only a few of these events that take place. In both the movie and short story the Ushers have a incurable, unidentified disease in which dooms them to their horrible deaths. However, Roderick somehow believes he is being controlled by the house he lives in and believes he must do the same things his family has done and to die in the same house he lived in his whole life. Due to his disease, he hears every little noise, its like a piercing to his brain. The disease is mainly mental, and gets tormented by his fear, and predicts this fear will be the death of him. The producer of the House of Usher had to make the changes to the short story because he needed the people to understand the story from a different point of view, and to understand the meaning behind Poe’s story. Poe tried to connect The short story of sickness, horror and death Poe relates this story to his life from his mother(s) and wife who died from the incurable disease of tuberculosis, and connects it to the Ushers who cannot escape their deaths just like those How to cite The Differences in the Fall of the House of Usher and the House of Usher, Papers

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

Why Ban Smoking in US Military Essay Example

Why Ban Smoking in US Military Essay In a commissioned study by the Pentagon and the Department of Veterans Affair (VA), a ban on smoking in US military was proposed which was said would change more likely the entire culture of the military (Fox News). If approved, it would end the profitable sales of tobacco around US military bases and make smoking illegal among uniformed soldiers, even in combats. New recruits to the service would need to be tobacco-free and treatment programs would be expanded once the proposal is enacted. The study proposed a five- to 10- even 20- year period gradual phase out of the ban.The proponents of the ban argue that it is for the best. Smoking weakens the soldiers because can cause cancer and other cardiovascular diseases. This translates to poor performance during battles. The rationale behind the proposal is basically to protect people, both the smokers and the people who suffer the effects of second-hand smoking. How can the country rely on servicemen who are threatened of numerous disea ses such as cancer, emphysema and other heart problems? On the other hand, those who are opposing the ban claim that tobacco is a necessity to over come the lack of sleep and food during war. When soldiers smoke, they can forget other bodily needs which are impossible to get in the field anyway. However, this escapism does not solve the problem. For example, studies would show that soldiers who suffer from depression or post- traumatic stress disorder are more likely to smoke. Instead of seeking professional health from doctors, these soldiers seek diversion is smoking which does not solve the problem but create a new one.According to the study, the tobacco ban would relieve Pentagon of $846 million a year in medical care and lost productivity. For VA, the ban means doing away with the $6 billion in treatments for illness cause by smoking. Service members were found out to be heavy smokers ? soldiers are around 37 percent and marines 36 percent. Compared to the ratio of adult Americ an smokers to non-smokers of 1:5, one in three men in service is smoking. Fifty percent of soldiers who experienced combat were more likely to use tobacco than those who did not.In the US, the history of smoking ban started in 1975 in the state of Minnesota when the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act was passed (Hung, et. al., 2005). At first, only restaurants have sections where smoking was prohibited. Eventually, through the Freedom to Breathe Act of 2007, all restaurants and bars statewide were banned. This was followed in 1990 by San Luis Obispo, California, the first city in the world to ban smoking from all public places. Inspired by California’s commitment, New York started implementing band in 2008.Critics of the smoking bans maintain that it is an encroachment of personal rights. Everyone is thinking about the right of everybody except the right of the smokers. This argument is based on John Stuart Mill’s â€Å"harm principle,† stating that the damage of se condhand smoking does not warrant government intervention. Other economists argue that smoke ban is not necessarily the best solution. Smokers can always compensate nonsmokers without government intrusion. Legal issues have arisen because of such ban, mostly from affected businesses that loss profits without pay off (McGowan, 1995). However, in 2006, a review was conducted in US and established that smoking bans were unlikely to have bad effects in business establishments. In fact, many bars and restaurants have experienced a boost in business after they became smoke free.The tobacco ban is just logical in places such as the military bases and their other facilities with explosive hazards. This would promote safety, reduce liability and lower energy use when ventilation needs go down. Cleanliness of the air and the surroundings due to reduced quantity of litter should give the servicemen the incentive to quit smoking. These people’s primary occupation is to assure the citizen s’ safety from threat and they should play an important role in promoting public health. They are idolized by many and should set an example of making a move towards a healthy lifestyle and not adhering to a culture where smoking becomes an everyday part of existence.Soldiers who smoke are more likely to drop out before they finish their enlisted commitments because of poor health. While in service, they suffer from poor eye sight, fail fitness test, as well as being absent from work frequently. Soldiers who are into smoking are said to bleed harder after surgery, to recover slowly and to be easily infected. If they survive the combats, they still have to face the consequences of being nicotine addicts when they get back home.Secondhand smoke imposes the same problem as much as direct smoking does (Chapman, 2007). So imagine a single soldier who smokes and pollutes the entire barrack. Studies show that a nonsmoker who lives with a smoker has a 20 to 30 percent greater risk of lung cancer than nonsmoker who lives with another nonsmoker. In a workplace, a nonsmoker exposed from secondhand smoke is 16 to 19 percent more likely to have lung cancer. This is the case because nonsmokers are exposed to the same amount of carcinogen as confirmed by International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization, US National Cancer Institute, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. National Institutes of Health and Surgeon General of the United States.Smokers do not only harm their self but also the environment. There is no dispute that smoking pollutes the air. There are around 4,000 hazardous substance in cigarettes which human beings inhale and exhale in the atmosphere (Phalen, 2002). An entire squad of soldiers doing exactly the same thing indicates an enourmous quantity of pollution. Smoking also causes water and land pollution due to million of cigarette butts left on the ground and end up in lakes and rivers. Water animals mistak en these cigarette butts for food are being poisoned and killed. Cigarette butts seem so insignificant but it can do a lot of damage during the 25 years of its decomposition. While decomposing, its hazardous elements leak to the soil, harming the plants. They are also highly flamable which can cause major fires.To sum up, arguments supporting the smoking ban in US military outweigh the criticism. When the ban is officially enacted, it will improve the health of the servicemen, cut the cost for health services and ultimately, save lives.Works CitedChapman, Simon. Public Health Advocacy and Tobacco Control: Making Smoking History. MA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc, 2007.â€Å"Smoking Ban May Strike Military.† 11 July 2009.   Fox News. 16 July 2009   http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/07/11/smoking-ban-strike-military/Hung, Yung-Tse, Norman Pereira and Lawrence Wang. Advance Air and Noise Pollution Control. NJ: Humana Press, Inc., 2005.McGowan, Richard. Business, Politics and Cigarettes: Multiple Levels, Multiple Agendas. CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1995.Phalen, Robert. The Particulate Air Pollution Controversy: A Case Study and Lessons Learned. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.